The Concrete Handbook

Concrete is used across a wide range of applications due to its adaptability, durability, and strength.
Below is an overview of concrete types and their common uses.


Types of Concrete

Normal Weight Concrete
the most common type, made with standard aggregates like sand and gravel.
used in general construction, including walls, floors, pavements, and foundations.

Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC)
a highly flowable concrete that fills formwork and surrounds reinforcement without vibration.
used for complex shapes, heavily reinforced sections, and precast.

Lightweight Concrete
made with lightweight aggregates to reduce density.
used for non-structural applications like roof insulation or structural elements where weight reduction is critical.

Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC)
a specialized mix with compressive strengths exceeding 8,000 psi (HPC) and 12,000 psi (UHPC).
used for long-span bridges, skyscrapers, and structures requiring heavy load capacities.

Drycast Concrete
a low-slump mix compacted into forms without vibration.
used for precast products like pipes, pavers, and manholes.

Ready-Mix Concrete
prepared at a central plant and delivered to the site.
used for large-scale projects requiring consistent quality, such as slabs and pavements.

Cast-in-Place Concrete
poured and cured directly on site.
used for foundations, structural elements, and slabs formed in their final location.

Precast Concrete
cast and cured in a factory-controlled environment.
used for modular components like beams, panels, and structural walls.

Prestressed Concrete
reinforced with steel strands under tension before curing.
used for bridges, parking structures, and other long-span elements.

Post-Tensioned Concrete
tensioned with steel strands after the concrete sets.
used for large slabs, stadiums, and bridges requiring high tensile strength.


Common Uses of Concrete

Buildings
concrete is the foundation of residential and commercial structures, providing strength and stability.
used for foundations, walls, floors, driveways, and parking garages.

Pavements
concrete is durable and low-maintenance, making it ideal for pavements.
used for roads, sidewalks, curbs, and airport runways.

Bridges
concrete is the preferred material for bridges because of its ability to handle heavy loads and resist environmental factors.
used for both short-span bridges and long-span structures like highway overpasses.

Industrial and Infrastructure
concrete is critical for industrial applications and infrastructure development.
used for retaining walls, heavy-duty floors, wind turbine bases, and utility foundations.

Marine Structures
concrete is highly durable in marine environments when designed with proper mixes.
used for seawalls, piers, offshore platforms, and underwater foundations.

Specialty Applications
concrete can be tailored for unique and demanding environments.
examples include decorative concrete for aesthetics and fire-resistant concrete for safety in industrial facilities.